What is the primary cause of type 1 diabetes?

The primary cause of type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disorder that leads to the destruction of pancreatic beta cells. In this condition, the body's immune system mistakenly attacks and destroys the insulin-producing cells in the pancreas. This results in little to no insulin production, which is essential for regulating blood glucose levels. Unlike type 2 diabetes, where insulin resistance and lifestyle factors play a significant role, type 1 diabetes is largely driven by genetic and environmental factors that trigger the autoimmune response.

The distinction is important because it influences treatment and management strategies. Individuals with type 1 diabetes typically require lifelong insulin therapy to manage their blood sugar levels, as their bodies cannot produce sufficient insulin on their own. Understanding this mechanism underscores the critical nature of beta cells in glucose metabolism and highlights the need for targeted interventions in managing type 1 diabetes.