Which of the following is a risk factor for urinary tract infections (UTIs)?

Diabetes mellitus is a significant risk factor for urinary tract infections (UTIs) primarily due to the effects of hyperglycemia on the body's immune response and the urinary system. In individuals with diabetes, elevated glucose levels can lead to higher sugar concentrations in the urine, creating an environment conducive to bacterial growth. Additionally, diabetes can impair immune function, making it more challenging for the body to fend off infections, including those in the urinary tract.

Moreover, people with diabetes may also experience complications such as neuropathy, which can affect bladder control and lead to incomplete emptying, further increasing the risk of UTIs. Consequently, the combination of immunocompromise and changes in urinary patterns underscores why diabetes mellitus is closely associated with a higher incidence of urinary tract infections.